D-dfK3QWkAAKjKe

Piece of the month (July 2019): Women and the apparatus

The piece of the month of July is the sewing machine for footwear. It is an early twentieth century machine manufactured by the American company The Singer Manufacturing Company (founded in 1851). The device was the phase of the footwear manufacturing process where the different pieces of leather that would shape the future shoe were prepared and sewn. In this phase we find a set of successive tasks: the lowering, which consists of reducing the thickness of the edge of the cuts that must be assembled; drilling, consisting of adorning the skin with holes; and the stitching, by means of which the different cuts of skin are united, sewing them. Since there are references to the manufacture of footwear, the apparatus has always been a task linked to the female sex. Some women of shop windows worked in the factories, but housework was also very common. This was a very convenient practice for employers because in times of high demand, they contacted women to work from home with worse working conditions than factory workers: they had a lower salary, they received on the other hand (when there was no work they did not receive anything) they did not contribute to Social Security and were not entitled to holidays or insurance in the event of an accident. This machine, the 29-K1, is operated by a pedal (located at the bottom) that puts into operation the system of belts and flywheels that move the sewing needle in upward and downward movements. At the bottom of the machine we also find the inscription “SINGER” and on one side the initials of the company, “USMC” (United Shoe Machinery Company), intertwined. The arrival of these machines in Mallorca during the last decades of the 19th century accelerated production, causing an increase. Many machines like this were used both in shoe factories and in the private homes of women who performed apparatus tasks.